This book is designed to provide both students and practitioners of nursing with the information they need to care for individuals undergoing laboratory and diagnostic tests and procedures. The content is presented as a guiding reference for planning care, providing specific interventions, and evaluating outcomes of nursing care.
In this edition, the background information and description of the test or procedure are followed directly by the clinical applications data, starting with reference values, for each test or group of tests.
The introductory sections include the anatomic, physiological, and pathophysiological content necessary for a thorough understanding of the purpose of and indications for specific tests and procedures. The inclusion of this information makes this book unlike many other references on this subject matter. This feature enhances the integration of basic science knowledge with an understanding of and application to diagnostic testing. This is extremely helpful for nursing students in developing critical thinking and clinical judgment.
For each test or study within the respective sections, reference values, including variations related to age or gender, are provided. Critical values, where appropriate, are highlighted. Both conventional units and international units are provided. Readers are encouraged to be aware of some variation in laboratory values from agency to agency.
For all tests, interfering factors are noted where appropriate. Contraindications and Nursing Alerts are included to provide information crucial to safe and reliable testing and nursing care.
Other features of this manual that contribute to its practical use are presentation of detailed content in tabular format when appropriate and the use of appendices to provide essential information applicable to most, if not all, tests and procedures.
Every effort has been made to include tests and procedures currently in use in practice settings. It is recognized that newer tests and procedures may have become available after this manuscript was prepared. Readers are encouraged to keep abreast of current literature and consult with laboratories and agencies in their area for new developments in the field of diagnostic tests.
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